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Predicting the effects of landuse on water quality – Stage I

Ross Woods, Sandy Elliott, Ude Shankar, and Jochen Schmidt (NIWA)
Vince Bidwell (Lincoln Ventures)
John Bright (Aqualinc)
Simon Harris (Harris Consulting)
David Wheeler and Stewart Ledgard (AgResearch)
Brent Clothier and Steve Green (HortResearch)
Allan Hewitt and Robert Gibb (Landcare Research)

Prepared for
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
NIWA Client Report: CHC2004-097
August 2004
NIWA Project: MAF04501

National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd
10 Kyle Street, Riccarton, Christchurch
P O Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand
Phone +64-3-348 8987, Fax +64-3-348 5548
www.niwa.co.nz

Contents

• Executive Summary
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Project goal
• 3. Reports on Stage I tasks
  • 3.1. Connections Among Tasks in Sections 5 to 10
• 4. Summary of First Project Workshop
• 5. Catchment modelling framework (NIWA, Objective 1)
  • 5.1. Create desktop tool
  • 5.2. Link SPARROW Model to Desktop Tool
• 6. Add groundwater component to SPARROW (NIWA, Lincoln Ventures, Objective 2)
  • 6.1. Physical process descriptions
  • 6.2. Review of SPARROW model concepts
  • 6.3. SPARROW description of groundwater processes
  • 6.4. Recommended parameter values
  • 6.5. Initial results
• 7. Enterprise-scale modelling for pastoral agriculture (AgResearch, Objective 4a)
  • 7.1. Implementation method
  • 7.2. Initial scenarios
  • 7.3. Future scenarios
  • 7.4. Research updates
  • 7.5. Validations/constraints
  • 7.6. Creation of call and scenarios
  • 7.7. Recommendations
• 8. Enterprise-scale modelling for horticulture (HortResearch, Objective 4b)
  • 8.1. Grapes - Marlborough
  • 8.2. Grapes - Hawkes Bay31
  • 8.3. Kiwifruit - Bay of Plenty
  • 8.4. Apples - Hawkes Bay
  • 8.5. Potatoes - Waikato
  • 8.6. Summary of Results for Horticulture Landuse
• 9. Pollution Risk Modelling (Landcare Research, Objective 5)
  • 9.1. Vulnerability to Leaching
  • 9.2. Pressure
  • 9.3. Risk of nitrate leaching
  • 9.4. Results for Nitrate Leaching
• 10. Triple bottom line effects of land-use change (Harris Consulting, Objective 3)
  • 10.1. Overview
  • 10.2. Model use
  • 10.3. Proposed approach
  • 10.4. Overview of model outputs
  • 10.5. Initial results
• 11. Next Steps
  • 11.1. Objective 1: Catchment Modelling Framework
  • 11.2. Objective 2: Adding Groundwater Component to SPARROW
  • 11.3. Objective 3: Triple Bottom Line Effects of Land-Use Change
  • 11.4. Objective 4: Enterprise-scale Modelling
  • 11.5. Objective 5: Pollution Risk Modelling
• 12. Summary
• 13. References
• 14. Appendix 1: SPASMO Model (HortResearch)
  • 14.1. A general description of the SPASMO model
  • 14.2. Crop water use
  • 14.3. Nitrogen transport through the soil
  • 14.4. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the soil organic matter
  • 14.5. Mineralization of soil organic matter
  • 14.6. Mass-balance equations for fertilizer
  • 14.7. Mass-balance equations for pesticide
  • 14.8. Model calculation procedure
• 15. Appendix 2: OVERSEER® nutrient budget model (AgResearch)
  • 15.1. Overview of OVERSEER® nutrient budget model
  • 15.2. Integration of Overseer into catchment modelling framework
  • 15.3. Recommendations
• 16. Appendix 3: Output, Cash Farm Surplus and N loss Relationships change (Harris Consulting, Objective 3)
  • 16.1. Background
  • 16.2. Hill Country Sheep and Beef
  • 16.3. Intensive Sheep and Beef
  • 16.4. Dairy
  • 16.5. Kiwifruit
  • 16.6. Process Vegetables
  • 16.7. Viticulture
  • 16.8. Sources
• 17. Appendix 4: Contract Objectives for Stage I
  • 17.1. Objective 1
  • 17.2. Objective 2
  • 17.3. Objective 3
  • 17.4. Objective 4
  • 17.5. Objective 5
• 18. Appendix 5: Contact Details

Contact for Enquiries

MAF Information Services
Pastoral House
25 The Terrace
PO Box 2526
Wellington, NEW ZEALAND

Fax: +64 4 894 0721
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