APPENDIX 3: PASTORAL STATISTICS AND REPRESENTATIVE FARM MODEL
DEVELOPMENT
Appendix 3.1 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District
This appendix details livestock numbers for the Wairoa District for the
1981, 1986, 1991, 1992, and 1993 years, as at 30 June, as recorded by Statistics NZ
(formerly the Department of Statistics). Livestock units associated with each livestock
type are calculated on the following basis:
| Sheep mated | 1.0 LSU/head | |
| Other sheep | 0.7 LSU/head | |
| Beef Cattle mated | 6.0 LSU/head | |
| Other beef cattle | 4.5 LSU/head | |
| Dairy cattle mated | 6.5 LSU/head | |
| Other dairy cattle | 4.5 LSU/head | |
| All deer | 1.7 LSU/head | |
| All goats | 0.6 LSU/head |
The average livestock units per head for sheep (0.92 LSU/head) and beef cattle (5.12 LSU/head) in 1993 are virtually the same as those calculated in the farm models used in this study which include a class-by-class breakdown and result in sheep at 0.91 LSU/head and beef cattle at 5.11 LSU/head.
APPENDIX 3.1.1 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District, 30 June 1981
| No. of holdings (all types) | 472 | |
| Total area (ha) | 282 792 | |
| Grassed area (ha) | 197 361 |
| Total number | Average stocking rate per ha (grassed) | ||
| SHEEP | |||
| Total sheep | 1 179 757 | 5.98 | |
| Total mated | 786 794 | 3.99 | |
| Lambs | 694 580 | 3.52 | |
| Total sheep LSU | 1 061 868 | 5.38 | |
| BEEF CATTLE | |||
| Total beef cattle | 141 802 | 0.72 | |
| Total mated | 52 280 | 0.26 | |
| Total beef LSU | 716 529 | 3.63 | |
| DAIRY CATTLE | |||
| Total dairy cattle | 2657 | 0.01 | |
| Total mated | 1807 | 0.01 | |
| Total dairy LSU | 17 271 | 0.09 | |
| DEER | |||
| Total deer (estimate) | 1172 | 0.006 | |
| Total deer LSU | 1992 | 0.01 | |
| GOATS | |||
| Total goats (estimate) | 3807 | 0.02 | |
| Total goat LSU | 2284 | 0.01 | |
| Average/total | 1 799 944 LSU | 9.12 LSU/ha | |
| Livestock Units |
(Deer and goats estimated from Hawke's Bay statistics.)
APPENDIX 3.1.2 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District, 30 June 1986
| No. of holdings (all types) | 507 |
| Total area (ha) | 283 955 |
| Grassed area (ha) | 194 098 |
| Total number | Average stocking rate | |
| per ha (grassed) | ||
| SHEEP | ||
| Total sheep | 1 175 123 | 6.07 |
| Total mated | 873 155 | 4.50 |
| Lambs | 805 732 | 4.15 |
| Total sheep LSU | 1 084 532 | 5.59 |
| BEEF CATTLE | ||
| Total beef cattle | 133 354 | 0.69 |
| Total mated | 55 568 | 0.29 |
| Total beef LSU | 683 445 | 3.52 |
| DAIRY CATTLE | ||
| Total dairy cattle | 2421 | 0.01 |
| Total mated | 1639 | 0.01 |
| Total dairy LSU | 14 173 | 0.07 |
| DEER | ||
| Total deer | 0.02 | |
| Total deer LSU | 7358 | |
| GOATS | ||
| Total goats | 0.23 | |
| Total goat LSU | 26 941 | |
| Average/total | 9.36 LSU/ha | |
| Livestock Units |
APPENDIX 3.1.3 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District, 30 June 1991
| No. of holdings (all types) | 447 | |
| Total area (ha) | 266 198 | |
| Grassed area (ha) | 198 686 | |
| Total number | Average stocking rate per ha (grassed) | ||
| SHEEP | |||
| Total sheep | 962 934 | 4.85 | |
| Total mated | 714 572 | 3.60 | |
| Lambs | 627 928 | 3.16 | |
| Total sheep LSU | 888 425 | 4.47 | |
| BEEF CATTLE | |||
| Total beef cattle | 117 928 | 0.59 | |
| Total mated | 49 624 | 0.25 | |
| Total beef LSU | 605 112 | 3.04 | |
| DAIRY CATTLE | |||
| Total dairy cattle | 2227 | 0.01 | |
| Total Mated | 1615 | 0.01 | |
| Total dairy LSU | 13 252 | 0.07 | |
| DEER | |||
| Total deer | 12 840 | 0.06 | |
| Total deer LSU | 21 828 | ||
| GOATS | |||
| Total goats | 39 596 | 0.20 | |
| Total goat LSU | 23 758 | ||
| Average/Total Livestock Units | 1 552 375 LSU | 7.81 LSU/ha | |
APPENDIX 3.1.4 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District, 30 June 1992
| No. of holdings (all types) | 441 | |
| Total area (ha) | 253 113 | |
| Grassed area (ha) | 191 388 |
| Total number | Average stocking rate per ha (grassed) | ||
| SHEEP | |||
| Total sheep | 890 173 | 4.65 | |
| Total mated | 623 803 | 3.26 | |
| Lambs | 575 533 | 3.01 | |
| Total sheep LSU | 810 262 | 4.23 | |
| BEEF CATTLE | |||
| Total beef cattle | 123 803 | 0.65 | |
| Total mated | 51 117 | 0.27 | |
| Total beef LSU | 633 789 | 3.31 | |
| DAIRY CATTLE | |||
| Total dairy cattle | 2526 | 0.01 | |
| Total mated | 1897 | 0.01 | |
| Total dairy LSU | 15 351 | 0.08 | |
| DEER | |||
| Total deer | 15 055 | 0.08 | |
| Total deer LSU | 25 594 | 0.13 | |
| GOATS | |||
| Total goats | 34 575 | 0.18 | |
| Total goat LSU | 20 745 | 0.11 | |
| Average/Total Livestock Units | 1 505 741 LSU | 7.86 LSU/ha | |
APPENDIX 3.1.5 Livestock numbers, Wairoa District, 30 June 1993
| No. of holdings (all types) | 443 |
| Total area (ha) | 260 536 |
| Grassed area (ha) | 194 149 |
| Total number | Average stocking rate per ha (grassed) | |
| SHEEP | ||
| Total sheep | 853 324 | 4.40 |
| Total mated | 639 705 | 3.29 |
| Lambs | 540 082 | 2.78 |
| Total sheep LSU | 789 238 | 4.06 |
| BEEF CATTLE | ||
| Total beef cattle | 129 604 | 0.67 |
| Total mated | 53 279 | 0.27 |
| Total beef LSU | 663 137 | 3.41 |
| DAIRY CATTLE | ||
| Total dairy cattle | 2897 | 0.02 |
| Total mated | 2136 | 0.01 |
| Total dairy LSU | 17 304 | 0.09 |
| DEER | ||
| Total deer | 12 305 | 0.08 |
| Total deer LSU | 20 919 | 0.11 |
| GOATS | ||
| Total goats | 20 172 | 0.12 |
| Total goat LSU | 12 103 | 0.07 |
| Average/Total Livestock Units | 1 502 701 LSU | 7.74 LSU/ha |
APPENDIX 3.2 Model farm physical and financial detail
This appendix contains the physical and financial details of the farm models used in
this study to assess the loss in farm income, expenditure and quantities of produce
arising from a land-use change from pastoral farming to forestry. This preface to the
appendix summarises assumptions made. All analyses made are based on 1000 LSUs.
Stock numbers
The stock numbers per 1000 LSUs were derived from case-study farms used by Agriculture
New Zealand for MAF Farm Monitoring
purposes. Small adjustments to the flock and herd structures were made to reflect constant
livestock numbers between years. As noted in text chapter 4.5.1, the sheep-to-cattle ratio
is adjusted to the ratio recorded by Statistics NZ.
Farm product prices
The sale prices at farm-gate levels are expressed in 1994/95 terms. Comment on possible
(probable) price variations in terms of a long-term average is contained in text section
8.4.2.
Farm costs
Farm costs are included at 1994/95 levels. Total costs will change over time, varying
as income changes. Costs most likely to change include those associated with fertiliser,
repairs and maintenance and capital expenditure. However, the 1994/95 levels of inputs and
total cost are considered to be at about average levels for the types of farm involved. It
is noted that while the levels of inputs and input cost vary between the small and
large-farm models, the total projected expenditure per LSU is virtually the same.
Farm production
The output of livestock and wool is based on model farm data. Actual farm output will
vary over a range, and the models used should not be interpreted as absolute averages for
the District. However, it is considered that the weighted average of the small and large
farms provides a realistic estimate of average farm production per 1000 LSUs.
Store livestock sales
Tracking the sales, purchases and ultimate location of slaughter of store livestock in
the Wairoa District is virtually impossible. Some sales are made to out-of-District
purchasers and at out-of-District venues, and some purchases are made from sources in
adjacent Districts. The average model records relatively small numbers purchased, and may
overstate the numbers actually sold as store stock relative to the number sold to
slaughter. (The model estimates that 72% of sheep sold and 54% of cattle sold over 1 year
of age are sold to slaughter.) Therefore, in the absence of more detailed sale and
purchase data, the estimates contained in the models are used as indicators of the numbers
of stock available for slaughter annually in the Wairoa District.
Weighted average farm model
A weighted average farm model per 1000 LSUs was derived from the analysis of the large
and small-farm models. The weightings applied are 50% for each farm model. This weighting
is based on the estimated total LSUs represented by each model - a factor of the stocking
rates per hectare (i.e. 50% of LSUs are carried on 47% of the area occupied by small
farms, and 50% on the 53% of the area occupied by the large farms). This weighted average
farm model is summarised in Appendix 3.3.
APPENDIX 3.2.1 Small farm total stock numbers, 1994/95 MAF Farm Monitoring
(Wairoa) model, (3568 LSU on
367.5 ha)
| Sheep | Cattle | |||
| Breeding ewes | 1585 | Breeding cows | 79 | |
| Ewe hoggets | 478 | Rising 2yr heifers | 27 | |
| Wether hoggets | 263 | Rising 1yr heifers | 38 | |
| Rams | 27 | Rising 2yr steers/bulls | 59 | |
| Mixed aged wethers | 10 | Rising 1yr steers/bulls | 60 | |
| 2363 | Br bulls | 2 | ||
| 265 |
| Livestock Units | 2202 LSU | 1366 LSU | |
| Natural Increase | 1733 | 69.5 | |
| (109.3% s/s) | (88.0% s/s) |
| Purchases | |||
| Rams | 6 | Breedings bulls | 0.5 |
| Lambs | 38 | Rising 1yr steers/bulls | 25.0 |
| Rising 1yr heifers | 4.0 |
| Deaths (%) | |||
| Ewes | 8.9 | Breeding cows | 3.5 |
| Hoggets (inc dog meat) | 10.1 | Other cattle | 1.5 |
| Mixed age wethers | 100 | ||
| Cull rams | 100 |
Note: Because these representative farms had changing livestock numbers projected
during the 1994/95 year, small adjustments were made in the models used in the study (as
contained in the livestock reconciliations per 1000 LSUs) to place the models in a static
number, status quo state.
APPENDIX 3..2.2 Small farm sheep reconciliation per 1000 LSU
This analysis calculates income from sheep trading on small farms based on 1000 sheep
LSU for purposes of this study.
| Class | Opening sheep | Closing sheep | |
| Breeding ewes | 742 | 742 | |
| Ewe hoggets | 223 | 223 | |
| Wether hoggets | 123 | 123 | |
| Rams | 13 | 13 | |
| Mixed age wethers | 4 | 4 | |
| 1105 | 1105 |
| Natural increase | 809 | (109% S/S) |
| Purchases | Sales (opening classes) | ||||
| Rams | 3 @ $315 | $ 945 | Cull ewes | 134 @ $25 | $ 3350 |
| Lambs | 18 @ $25 | $ 450 | Ewe hoggets | 13@$35 | $ 445 |
| $1395 | Wether hoggets | 94 @ $40 | $ 3760 | ||
| Homebred lambs | 463 @ $36 | $16 668 | |||
| Purchased lambs | 18 @ $42 | $ 756 | |||
| 722 |
| Profit from sheep trading | $23 594 | Deaths | |
| Ewes | 66 | ||
| Ewe hoggets | 10 | ||
| Wether hoggets | 25 | ||
| Rams | 3 | ||
| Mixed age wethers | 4 |
| 1935 | $24 989 | 1935 | $24 989 |
| Freight: | 743 sheep @ $1.25/head average $929 |
Livestock prices nett of selling commission.
APPENDIX 3.2.3 Small farm sheep shearing analysis per 1000 sheep LSU
The following shearing tallies, wool weights and costs are included in the analysis,
and include allowance for preshearing deaths.
| Class | Percentage shorn | No. Per 1000 LSU | |||||||||||
| Breeding ewes | 97 | 720 | |||||||||||
| Ewe hoggets | 99 | 221 | |||||||||||
| Weather hoggets | 99 | 121 | |||||||||||
| Rams and wethers | 100 | 17 | |||||||||||
| Lambs | 90 | 728 | |||||||||||
| Ewes (2nd shear) | 48 | 356 | |||||||||||
| 2163 | |||||||||||||
| Crutching | 95% of total sheep | 1050 | |||||||||||
| (a) | Shearing cost: | ||
| 2163 sheep @ $1.65 | $3569 | ||
| (b) | Crutching cost: | ||
| 1050 sheep @ $0.40 | $420 | ||
| (c) | Wool pack cost @ $0.411 per sheep LSU | $411 | |
| (d) | Wool weight @ average 4.85 kg/LSU | 4850 kg | |
| (e) | Wool income @ $3.60 nett per kg | $17 460 |
Note: The shearing analysis is calculated on the basis of 1000 LSU's of sheep for ease of understanding. In the financial budgeting analysis, the weighting is based on 53.5% sheep and 46.5% cattle, representing 535 LSU's of sheep in the per 1000 LSU analysis.
APPENDIX 3.2.4 Small farm cattle reconciliation per 1000 cattle LSU
This analysis calculates income from cattle trading on small farms, based on 1000
cattle LSU for purposes of this study.
| Class | Opening cattle | Closing cattle | ||
| Cows | 58.0 | 58.0 | ||
| R2yr heifers | 23.0 | 20.0 | ||
| R1yr heifers | 28.0 | 28.0 | ||
| R2yr steers/bulls | 43.0 | 43.0 | ||
| R1yr steers/bulls | 44.0 | 44.0 | ||
| Breeding bulls | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 194.0 | 194.0 |
| Natural increase | 51.0 | (88% S/S) |
| Purchases | Sales | ||||
| Breeding bulls | 0.5 @ $3000 | $1500 | Cull cows | 16.0 @$490 | $7840 |
| R2yr heifers | 3.0 @ $ 310 | $ 930 | R2yr heifers | 2.0 @$490 | $ 980 |
| R1yr steers/bulls | 18.0 @ $ 325 | $5850 | R1yr heifers | 7.0 @$400 | $2800 |
| 21.5 | $8280 | R2yr strs/bls | 43.0 @$730 | $31 390 | |
| Breeding bulls | 0.5 @$1000 | $ 500 | |||
| 68.5 | $43 510 |
| Profit from cattle trading | $35 230 | Deaths | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cows 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 266.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 266.5 | $43 510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| $43 510 |
| Freight: | 90 cattle @ $7.70/head average $693 |
Livestock prices net of selling commission.
APPENDIX 3.2.5 Small farm financial budget per 1000 LSU
| Sheep-to-cattle ratio: | 53.5:46.5 |
Income
| Sheep trading | 12 623 | |||
| Wool | 9 341 | |||
| Cattle trading | 16 382 | |||
| Other farm income | 442 | |||
| TOTAL INCOME | $38 788 |
Expenditure
| Wages permanent/casual (includes ACC) | 1470 | |||||||||
| Shearing wages | 1910 | |||||||||
| Crutching wages | 225 | |||||||||
| Animal health | 1790 | |||||||||
| Electricity | 700 | |||||||||
| Hay/silage and other feedstuffs | 810 | |||||||||
| Fertiliser | 2570 | |||||||||
| Freight for livestock | 818 | |||||||||
| Other freight including wool | 180 | |||||||||
| Wool packs and shearing sundries | 220 | |||||||||
| Weed and pest | 530 | |||||||||
| Vehicles: | Fuel | 1160 | ||||||||
| R & M | 670 | |||||||||
| Other | 100 | |||||||||
| Repairs & maintenance: | Buildings | 320 | ||||||||
| Water supply | 330 | |||||||||
| Drainage | 410 | |||||||||
| Fences/tracks | 650 | |||||||||
| Plant/machinery | 190 | |||||||||
| Other | 130 | |||||||||
| Administration: | Phone/mail | 410 | ||||||||
| Accountancy | 960 | |||||||||
| Legal fees | 120 | |||||||||
| Consultancy | 140 | |||||||||
| Rates | 1640 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 500 | |||||||||
| Other | 180 | |||||||||
| Other costs and stores, dogs, horses | 460 | |||||||||
| Depreciation (treated as capital repl.) | 750 | |||||||||
| Interest and land rental | 4220 | |||||||||
| TOTAL EXPENDITURE | $24 563 | |||||||||
| Net surplus per 1000 LSU | $14 225 | |||||||||
| Net surplus/pastoral ha (103ha/1000 LSU) | $138.11 | |||||||||
APPENDIX 3.2.6 Small farm stock numbers per 1000 total LSUs
The following numbers of sheep and cattle per total 1000 LSUs are provided for purposes
of establishing reductions in annual stock sales, and the capital stock disposal
associated with a change in land use to forestry of an area carrying 1000 LSUs. For the
small-farm analysis, this corresponds to an area of 103 hectares.
| Capital, sheep | Capital, cattle | ||||
| (53.5%) | No. | (46.5%) | No. | ||
| Breeding ewes | 397 | Breeding cows | 27.0 | ||
| Ewe hoggets | 119 | R 2yr heifers | 9.3 | ||
| Wether hoggets | 66 | R 1yr heifers | 13.0 | ||
| Breeding rams | 7 | R 2yr steers/bulls | 20.0 | ||
| Mixed age wethers | 2 | R 1yr steers/bulls | 20.5 | ||
| 591 | Breeding bulls | 0.5 | |||
| 90.3 |
| Annual sales, sheep | Annual sales, cattle | ||
| Lambs to slaughter | 257 | Cows to slaughter | 7.4 |
| Ewes to slaughter | 72 | R 2yr heifers to slaughter | 0.9 |
| Ewes to yards | R 1yr heifers to yards | 3.3 | |
| Ewe hoggets to yards | 7 | R 2yr steers/bulls to slaughter | 20.0 |
| Wether hoggets to slaughter | 50 | Breeding bulls to slaughter | 0.2 |
| 386 | 31.8 |
| Purchases Sheep | Purchases Cattle | |||||||||
| Rams | 2.0 | Breeding bulls | 0.2 | |||||||
| Lambs | 10 | R 1yr heifers | 1.4 | |||||||
| R 1yr steers/bulls | 8.4 | |||||||||
| 12 | 10.0 | |||||||||
- Sheep numbers rounded to nearest whole number.
- Cattle numbers rounded to one decimal place.
APPENDIX 3.2.7 Large farm total stock numbers, 1994/95 MAF Farm Monitoring (Wairoa)
model, (13 925 LSU on 1654 ha)
| Sheep (opening no.) | Cattle (opening no.) | ||||
| Breeding ewes | 6623 | Breeding cows | 448 | ||
| Ewe hoggets | 2128 | R 2yr heifers | 126 | ||
| Wether hoggets & others | 515 | R 1yr heifers | 215 | ||
| Rams | 163 | R 2yr steers/bulls | 75 | ||
| 9429 | R 1yr steers/bulls | 191 | |||
| Breeding bulls | 15 | ||||
| 1070 | |||||
| Livestock units | 8603 | LSU | 5322 | LSU | |
| Natural increase | 5707 | (86.1 s/s) | 403 | (90% s/s) |
| Purchases | |||||
| Rams | 33 | Breeding bulls | 3 | ||
| Deaths (%) | |||||
| Ewes | 7.6 | Breeding cows | 3.0 | ||
| Hoggets & others | 14.1 | Other cattle | 1.5 | ||
| (incl. dog meat) | |||||
| Cull rams | 100 |
Note:
- Because these representative farms had changing livestock numbers projected during the
1994/95 year, small adjustments were made in the models used in the study (as contained in
the livestock reconciliations per 1000 LSUs) to place the models in a static number,
status quo state.
- In developing the 1000 LSU sheep model, account was taken of the changing policy
involving a minor number of mixed-age wethers and wether hoggets in terms of capital stock
numbers.
APPENDIX 3.2.8 Large farm sheep reconciliation per 1000 LSU
This analysis calculates income from sheep trading on large farms based on 1000 sheep
LSU for purposes of this study.
| Opening sheep | Closing sheep | ||
| Class | no. | no. | |
| Breeding ewes | 780 | 780 | |
| Ewe hoggets | 260 | 260 | |
| Wether hoggets | 30 | 30 | |
| Rams | 18 | 18 | |
| 1088 | 1088 |
| Natural increase | 686 | (88% s/s) |
| Purchases | Sales (opening classes) | |||||
| Rams | @ $220 | 1100 | Cull ewes | 136 | @ $25 | 3400 |
| Ewe hoggets | 52 | @ $38 | 1976 | |||
| Ewe lambs | 83 | @ $23 | 1909 | |||
| Wether lambs | 313 | @ $30 | 9390 | |||
| 584 | ||||||
| Profit From Sheep Trading | 15 575 | Deaths | ||||
| Ewes | 59 | |||||
| Ewe hoggets | 13 | |||||
| Wether hoggets | 30 | (incl. dog meat) | ||||
| Rams | 5 | |||||
| 1779 | $16 675 | 1779 | $16 675 |
Freight: 589 sheep @ $1.25/head average $736
Livestock prices nett of selling commission.
APPENDIX 3.2.9 Large farm sheep shearing analysis per 1000 sheep LSU
The following shearing tallies, wool weights and costs are included in the analysis,
and include allowance for pre-shearing deaths.
| Class | % shorn | No. per 1000 LSU |
| Breeding ewes | 98 | 764 |
| Ewe hoggets | 99 | 257 |
| Wether hoggets | 99 | 30 |
| Rams & wethers | 100 | 18 |
| Lambs | 93.25 | 640 |
| Ewes (2nd shear) | 29 | 226 |
| 1935 | ||
| Crutching | 82 of total sheep | 892 |
| (a) | Shearing cost: | 1935 sheep @ $1.66 | $3212 |
| (b) | Crutching cost: | 892 sheep @ $0.58 | $517 |
| (c) | Wool pack cost @ | $0.411 per sheep LSU | ($411) |
| (d) | Wool weight | at an average of 4.9 kg/LSU | 4900 kg |
| (e) | Wool income at | $3.60 net per kg | $17 640 |
APPENDIX 3.2.10 Large farm cattle reconciliation per 1000 cattle LSU
This analysis calculates income from cattle trading on large farms based on 1000 cattle
LSUs for the purposes of this study.
| Class | Opening cattle no. | Closing cattle no. | |||||||
| Breeding cows | 84 | 84 | |||||||
| R 2yr heifers | 25 | 25 | |||||||
| R 1yr heifers | 38 | 38 | |||||||
| R 2yr steers/bulls | 13 | 13 | |||||||
| R 1yr steers/bulls | 29 | 29 | |||||||
| Breeding bulls | 3 | 3 | |||||||
| 192 | 192 | ||||||||
| Natural increase | 76 | (90% s/s) |
| Purchases | Sales (opening classes) | |||||||||||||
| Breeding bulls | 1 | @ $4,000 | Cull cows | 18 | @ $485 | 8,730 | ||||||||
| R 2yr heifers | 4 | @ $420 | 1,680 | |||||||||||
| R 1yr heifers | 12 | @ $380 | 4,560 | |||||||||||
| R 2yr strs/bulls | 13 | @ $550 | 7,150 | |||||||||||
| R 1yr strs/bulls | 15 | @ $400 | 6,000 | |||||||||||
| Weaner steers | 9 | @ $325 | 2,925 | |||||||||||
| Breeding bulls | 1 | @ $1000 | 1,000 | |||||||||||
| 72 | ||||||||||||||
| Profit from cattle trading | $28,045 | Deaths | ||||||||||||
| Cows | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Others | 2 | |||||||||||||
| 269 | $32 045 | 269 | $32 045 | |||||||||||
| Freight: 73 cattle at an average of $7.50/head | $548 |
Livestock prices nett of selling commission.
APPENDIX 3.2.11 Large farm financial budget per 1000 LSU
| Sheep-to-cattle ratio | 53.5:46.5 |
| Income | ||
| Sheep trading | 8333 | |
| Wool | 9437 | |
| Cattle trading | 13 041 | |
| Other farm income | 262 | |
| TOTAL INCOME | $31 073 | |
| Expenditure | ||
| Wages permanent/casual (includes ACC) | 5880 | |
| Shearing wages | 1718 | |
| Crutching wages | 277 | |
| Animal health | 1690 | |
| Electricity | 450 | |
| Hay/silage and other feedstuffs | 220 | |
| Fertiliser and seeds | 2970 | |
| Freight for livestock | 650 | |
| Other freight including wool | 410 | |
| Wool packs and shearing sundries | 220 | |
| Weed and pest | 930 | |
| Vehicles: | 480 | |
| Repairs & maintenance | 330 | |
| Other | 170 | |
| Repairs and Maintenance: | 420 | |
| Water supply | 270 | |
| Drainage | 0 | |
| Fences/tracks | 1020 | |
| Plant/machinery | 360 | |
| Other | 180 | |
| Administration: | 260 | |
| Accountancy | 430 | |
| Legal fees | 120 | |
| Consultancy | 140 | |
| Rates | 1340 | |
| Insurance | 380 | |
| Other | 640 | |
| Other costs and stores, dogs, horses | 590 | |
| Depreciation (treated as capital replacement) | 560 | |
| Interest and land rental | 1090 | |
| TOTAL EXPENDITURE | $24 195 |
| Nett surplus per 1000 LSU | $ 6878 | ||||
| Nett surplus/pastoral ha (118.8 ha/1000 LSU) | $57.90 |
APPENDIX 3.2.12 Large farm stock numbers per 1000 total LSUs
The following numbers of sheep and cattle per total 1000 LSUs are provided for purposes
of establishing reductions in annual stock sales, and the capital stock disposal
associated with a change in land-use to forestry of an area carrying 1000 LSUs. For the
large-farm analysis, this corresponds to an area of 118.8 hectares.
| Capital, sheep | Capital, cattle | |||
| (53.5%) | No. | (46.5%) | No. | |
| Breeding ewes | 417 | Breeding cows | 39.1 | |
| Ewe hoggets | 139 | R 2yr heifers | 11.6 | |
| Wether hoggets | 16 | R 1yr heifers | 17.7 | |
| Breeding rams | 10 | R 2yr steers/bulls | 6.0 | |
| 582 | R 1yr steers/bulls | 13.5 | ||
| Breeding bulls | 1.4 | |||
| 89.3 | ||||
| Annual sales, sheep | Annual sales, cattle | |||
| Ewe lambs to yards | 44 | Cows to yards | 4.2 | |
| Wether lambs to yards | 100 | Cows to slaughter | 4.2 | |
| Wether lambs to slaughter | 67 | R 2yr heifers to yards | 1.9 | |
| Ewes to yards | 18 | R 1yr heifers to yards | 5.6 | |
| Ewes to slaughter | 54 | R 2yr steers/bulls to yards | 6.0 | |
| Ewe hoggets to yards | 28 | R 1yr steers/bulls to yards | 7.0 | |
| Weaner steers to yards | 4.2 | |||
| Breeding bulls to slaughter | 0.5 | |||
| 33.6 | ||||
| Purchases, sheep | Purchases, cattle | |||
| Rams | 3 | Breeding bulls | 0.5 |
- Sheep numbers rounded to nearest whole number.
- Cattle numbers rounded to one decimal place.
APPENDIX 3.3 Weighted average model farm (1994/95 average)
Farm income and expenditure per 1000 LSU
| Input weightings: | Large farm | 50% | |
| Small farm | 50% |
Income per 1000 LSUs |
Large farm |
Small farm |
Weighted average |
Sheep trading Wool Cattle trading Other farm income Total income |
8333 9437 13 041 262 31 073 |
12 623 9341 16 382 442 38 788 |
10 478 9389 147 11.5 352 349 30.5 |
Expenditure per 1000 LSUs |
|||
Wages (perm/casual) Shearing wages Crutching wages Animal health Electricity Stock feeds Fertiliser and seeds Livestock freight Other freight inc. wool Wool packs/shearing sundries Weed & pest Vehicles Fuel R & M Other R & M Buildings Water supply Drainage Fences/tracks Plant/machinery Other Admin. Phone/mail Accountancy Legal fees Consultancy Rates Insurance Other Other costs & stores Depreciation (treated as capital repl.) Interest & land rental Total expenditure |
5880 1718 277 1690 450 220 2970 650 410 220 930 480 330 170 420 270 0 1020 360 180 260 430 120 140 1340 380 640 590 560 1090 24195 |
1470 1910 225 1790 700 810 2570 818 180 220 530 1160 670 100 320 330 410 650 190 130 410 960 120 140 1640 500 180 460 750 4220 24 563 |
3675 1814 251 1740 575 515 2770 734 295 220 730 820 500 135 370 300 205 835 275 155 335 695 120 140 1490 440 410 525 655 2655 24 379 |
Net surplus per 1000 LSUs Net surplus per hectare |
6878 57.90 |
14 225 138.11 |
10 551 95.14 |
Farmed area per 1000 LSUs (grassed area only - not total farm area) |
118.8 |
103 |
110.9 |
TOTAL FARM AREA PER 1000 LSUs (15% noneffective area & 7.7 LSUs/Ha.) |
129.9 |
||
APPENDIX 3.3.1 Weighted stock numbers per 1000 LSU, sales and destinations
(weighted average model)
The average model is calculated from a 50:50 ratio of large and small-farm model data
on the basis of the total number of LSUs carried by each group.
| Capital sheep | No. | Capital cattle | No. | |
| Breeding ewes | 407 | Breeding cows | 33.1 | |
| Ewe hoggets | 129 | R 2yr heifers | 10.5 | |
| Wether hoggets | 41 | R 1yr heifers | 15.4 | |
| Breeding rams | 9 | R 2yr steers/bulls | 13.0 | |
| R 1yr steers/bulls | 17.0 | |||
| Breeding bulls | 1.0 | |||
| Total | 586 | 90.0 | ||
| Annual sales sheep | Annual sales cattle | |||
| To slaughter | No. | To slaughter | No. | |
| Ewes | 63 | Cows | 5.8 | |
| Wether hoggets | 25 | R 2yr heifers | 0.5 | |
| Lambs | 162 | R 2yr steers/bulls | 10.0 | |
| Breeding bulls | 0.4 | |||
| 250 | 16.7 | |||
| To store stock sale | To store stock sale | |||
| Ewes | 9 | Cows | 2.1 | |
| Wether hoggets | 18 | R 2yr heifers | 1.0 | |
| Lambs | 72 | R 1yr steers/bulls | 4.5 | |
| R 2yr steers/bulls | 3.0 | |||
| R 1yr steers/bulls | 3.5 | |||
| Weaner steers/bulls | 2.1 | |||
| 99 | 16.7 | |||
| Purchases, sheep | Purchases, cattle | |||
| Rams | 3 | Breeding bulls | 0.4 | |
| Lambs | 5 | R 1yr heifers | 0.7 | |
| R 1yr steers/bulls | 4.2 | |||
| 8 | 5.3 |
APPENDIX 3.3.2 Farm drawings, income tax and capital repayments per 1000 LSU's
(weighted average model)
Based on analysis of the model farms used, the following is an estimate of outgoings met from farm profits.
| Large farm total | Small farm total | |
| (13,925 LSUs) | (3568 LSUs) | |
| $ | $ | |
| Cash profit | 95 776 | 50 755 |
| Income tax (2 partners) | 26 050 | 12 180 |
| Capital repayments | 8 000 | 11 000 |
| Disposable income surplus | 61726 | 27 575 |
On a per 1000 LSU basis, the following disposable income surpluses are calculated.
| Large farm | Small farm | Weighted Average | |
| ($ per 1000 LSU) | ($ per 1000 LSU) | ($ per 1000 LSU) | |
| Disposable income surplus | 4433 | 7728 | 6081 |
APPENDIX 3.4 Livestock salvage value
The salvage value of livestock sold as a result of land-use change to forestry is
calculated on a per 1000 LSU basis, as detailed in Appendix 3.3.1. Sale values are
farm-gate prices for average-quality stock.
| Livestock class | No. | Value per head | Total value | ||
| ($) | ($) | ||||
| Breeding ewes | 407 | 30 | 12 210 | ||
| Ewe hoggets | 129 | 38 | 4902 | ||
| Wether hoggets | 41 | 40 | 1640 | ||
| Breeding rams | 9 | 15 | 135 | ||
| Breeding cows | 33.1 | 500 | 16 550 | ||
| R 2yr heifers | 10.5 | 450 | 4725 | ||
| R 1yr heifers | 15.4 | 390 | 6006 | ||
| R 2yr heifers | 13.0 | 550 | 7150 | ||
| R 1yr steers | 17.0 | 400 | 6800 | ||
| Breeding bulls | 1.0 | 1000 | 1000 | ||
| Total salvage value | 61 118 |
APPENDIX 4: TWO-DIGIT NZSIC CODES
Industries represented in the Wairoa District
( described using the two-digit New Zealand Standard
Industry Classification)
NZSIC |
Industry |
1 11 12 13 |
Primary Agriculture/horticulture/hunting Forestry/logging Fishing |
2 29 |
Mining / quarrying Quarries |
3 31 32 33 34 36 38 |
Manufacturing Food / beverages / tobacco Textile / apparel / fur Wood processing and products Paper & paper products Non-metallics Fabricated metal products |
4 41 42 |
Electricity / gas / water Electricity / gas Water |
5 51 52 53 |
Construction Building Construction - not buildings Construction services |
6 61 62 63 |
Trade / restaurants / hotels Wholesale trade Retail trade Restaurants & hotels |
7 71 72 |
Transport / communication Transport & storage Communication |
8 81 82 83 |
Business services Financing Insurance Real estate & business services |
9 91 92 93 94 95 |
Community / personal services Public administration Sanitary & cleaning Social & community services (education, health) Recreation & cultural Personal & household services |
APPENDIX 5 :SOCIAL IMPACTS
APPENDIX 5.1 School rolls in Wairoa District
Information relating to school roles in the WDC region was provided by
the Ministry of Education, Napier, based on 1 March roll returns. This is summarised in
tabular form below.
| School | 1994 | 1991 | 1989 | 1986 | 1983 | 1981 | Teachers (1994) | |
| Putorino | 20 | 27 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 24 | 2.2 | |
| Kotemaori | 28 | 27 | 23 | 28 | 45 | 48 | 2.0 | |
| Putere | 13 | 12 | 12 | 27 | 39 | 50 | 1.0 | |
| Raupunga | 45 | 42 | 38 | 49 | 44 | 54 | 4.6 | |
| Mohaka | 27 | 26 | 23 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 2.0 | |
| Waihua | 20 | 22 | 12 | 25 | 30 | 21 | 1.0 | |
| Turiroa | 42 | 28 | 27 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 3.2 | |
| Hillneath | 253 | 254 | 241 | 225 | 207 | 222 | 14.1 | (urban Wairoa) |
| North Clyde | 176 | 116 | 156 | 174 | 165 | 173 | 7.6 | (urban Wairoa) |
| Wairoa Primary | 246 | 211 | 241 | 254 | 323 | 354 | 14.1 | (urban Wairoa) |
| St Josephs | 123 | 114 | 0 | 126 | 0 | 0 | 6.3 | (urban Wairoa) |
| Whakaki | 23 | 37 | 25 | 22 | 48 | 44 | 2.1 | |
| Nuhaka | 117 | 96 | 104 | 112 | 139 | 128 | 6.7 | |
| Opoutama | 66 | 63 | 82 | 92 | 86 | 80 | 4.0 | |
| Te Mahia | 54 | 51 | 54 | 50 | 42 | 28 | 3.0 | |
| Tokemokihi | 9 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 10 | 1.0 | |
| Frasertown | 73 | 94 | 69 | 65 | 74 | 75 | 4.4 | |
| Ardkeen | 14 | 7 | 16 | 27 | 14 | 13 | 1.0 | |
| Kokako | 37 | 52 | 56 | 46 | 59 | 68 | 2.0 | |
| Ohuka | 5 | 9 | 18 | 23 | 20 | 20 | 1.2 | |
| Ruakituri | 25 | 23 | 22 | 22 | 50 | 50 | 2.0 | |
| Te Reinga | 14 | 17 | 14 | 24 | 21 | 16 | 1.0 | |
| Tiniroto | 27 | 15 | 25 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 2.0 | |
| TOTAL | 1457 | 1355 | 1285 | 1511 | 1524 | 1562 | 88.5 |
| Wairoa Intermediate | 161 | 263 | 247 | 296 | 304 | 324 | 12.6 | (urban Wairoa) |
| Wairoa College | 700 | 662 | 699 | 701 | 673 | 724 | 36.9 | (urban Wairoa) |
Note: Primary school pupils at school in the Wairoa urban area amounted to 48% of the
total in 1981, increasing to 54.8% of the total in 1994.
Contact for Enquiries
Rural Affairs Coordinator
Sector Performance Policy
MAF Policy
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
PO Box 2526
Wellington
NEW ZEALAND
Phone: +64 4 894 0675
Fax: +64 4 4 894 0745
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